Cafe in the Old Town

Securing the passed material The third lesson we begin with the consolidation of the passed material, we conjugate several verbs. Verb HOPE SPERARE - HOPE, read "Sperara" IO SPERO - I HOPE ("Io Spero") TU SPERI - YOU HOPE ("Tu Speri") LUI SPERA - HE HOPES ("Louis SPERA" ONE LEAERAI LEI LEAERA LEI - YOU HOPE (respectful form) NOI SPERIAMO - WE HOPE ("Noi Speryamo") VOI SPERATE - YOU HOPE ("Voi Sperate") LORO SPERANO - THEY HOPE ("Loro Sperano", emphasis on the root of the word) , it reads "Ayutare" IO AIUTO - I HELP ("Io Ayuto") TU AIUTI - YOU HELP ("Tu Ayuti") LUI AIUTA - HE HELP ("Louis Ayut") LEI AIUTA - SHE HELPS LEI AIUTA - YOU HELP (respectfully ) NOI AIUTIAMO - WE HELP ( "Noah Ayutyamo") VOI AIUTATE - YOU HELP ("Voi Ayutate") LORO AIUTANO - THEY HELP ("Loro Ayutano") Verb TEACH INSEGNARE - TEACH, TEACH, read "Inyenare" IOENOESEGEN) TU INSEGNI - YOU ARE TEACHING ("Tu Inseni") LUI INSEGNA - HE TEACHES ("Louis Insenya") LEI INSEGNA - SHE TEACHES LEI INSEGNA - YOU TEACH (respectfully) NOI INSEGNIAMOEMY - I EXEMPLE TEACHING (“Voi Insigne”) LORO INSEGNANO - THEY TEACH (“Loro Insignano”) Verb TRY PROVARE - TRY, TRY, TRY, TRY, REHEARING, I read “I-hole” - ") TU PROVI - YOU WILL TRAIN (" Tu Provi ") LUI PROVA - IT WILL TEST (" Louis Prova ") LEI PROVA - IT WILL TEST LEI PROVA - YOU WILL TRY (respectfully) NOI PROVIAMO - WE WILL TRY (" Noah Proviamo ") VOI PROVATE - YOU ARE TESTING ("Voi Provate") LORO PROVANO - THEY ARE TESTING ("Loro Provano") Verb SEARCH CERCARE - SEARCH, read "Cherkare" IO CERCO - I LOOKING ("Io Cherko") TU CERCHI - YOU SEEK ("Tu Tu Cherki ") LUI CERCA - HE SEEKS (" Louis Cherka ") LEI CERCA - SHE SEEKS LEI CERCA - SHE SEEKS NOI CERCIAMO - WE SEEK (" Noi Cherkyamo ") VOI CERCATE - YOU SEEK (" Voi Cherkate ") LORO CERCAN LOOKING FOR ("Loro Cercano") Verb FIND TROVARE - FIND, read "Trovre" IO TROVO - I FIND ("Io Trovo") TU TROVI - YOU FIND ("Tu Trovi") LUI TROVA - HE FINDS ("Louis TROVA") LEI TROVA - HE FINDS LEI TROVA - YOU GO (respectfully) NOI TROVIAMO - WE FIND ("Noah TROVIAMO") VOI TROVATE - "Voi Trovate") LORO TROVANO - THEY FIND ("Loro Trovano") Example: CHI CERCA, TROVA - WHO SEEKS, THAT WILL FIND The verb SINGING CANTARE - SINGING, reading "Cantare" IO CANTO - I SING ("Io Kanto") TU CANTI - YOU ARE GOING ("Tu Kanti") LUI CANTA - HE SING ("Louis Kant") LEI CANTA - SHE SING LEI CANTA - YOU SING (respectfully) NOI CANTIAMO - WE SING ("Noi Cantyamo") VOI CANTATE - YOU SING ("Voi Cantata") LORO CANTANO - THEY SING ("Voi Cantano") Verb THINK PENSARE - THINK, read "Penzare" IO PE NSO - I THINK (“Io Pence”) TU PENSI - YOU THINK (“Tu Pensy”) LUI PENSA - HE THINKS (“Louis Pence”) LEI PENSA - SHE THINKS LEI PENSA - YOU THINK (respectfully) NOI PENSIAMO - WE THINK (“Noi Penciamo”) VOI PENSATE - YOU THINK (“Voi Pence”) LORO PENSANO - THEY THINK (“Loro Pensano”) Rules for building words In Italian, there is a general set of rules, following which you can predict how the word will look.

We should not perceive language as a dictionary, a list of grammatical rules, structures, although this of course takes place and it is difficult to do without it. Nevertheless, all this can be reduced to an absolutely working minimum. Well, it would seem - words. There are thousands and thousands of words in every language, but there are statistics that say that 90 percent of spoken language in any language is in 300-400 words.

Bon Giorno! It is time to consider a group of verbs that describe movement. Words like GO, COME play an important role in the life of travelers. GO, RIDE ANDARE - GO, RIDE ("Andare") IO VADO - I GO ("Io Vado") TU VAI - YOU GO ("Tu Vai") LUI VA - IT GOES ("Louis Va") LEI VA - IT LEI VA IS GOING - YOU ARE GOING (respectfully) NOI ANDIAMO - WE ARE GOING ("Noi Andiamo") VOI ANDATE - YOU ARE GOING ("Howo Andate") LORO VANNO - THEY ARE GOING ("LORO VANO") TO COME, ARRIVE VENIRE - COME, COME ("Venier") IO VENGO - I COME ("Io Wengo") TU VIENI - YOU COME ("Tu Veni") LUI VIENE - HE COMES ("Louis Vienne") LEI VIENE - SHE COMES LEI VIENE - YOU COME (respectfully ) NOI VENIAMO - WE COME ("Noi Venyamo") VOI VENITE - YOU COME ("Howl Veni") LORO VENGONO - THEY COME ("Loro Wengongo", emphasis on first syllable) In the past tense: ANDARE - ANDATO - WELL VENIRE - VENUTO - COME ESSERE - STATO - BE We will analyze the rule for the formation of past tenses for the verbs: WELL and COME: IO SONO ANDATO - I WENT (Io Sonno Andato) IO SONO VENUT - I COME ("Io Sleepy Venuto") IO SONO STATO - I WAS ("Io Sleepy Stato") Feminine: IO SONO ANDATA - I GO ("Io Sleepy Andata") IO SONO STATA - I WAS ("I Sleepy Stata ") IO SONO VENUTA - I ARRIVED (" Venuta ") Plural: NOI SIAMO ANDATI - WE SENT NOI SIAMO VENUTI - WE WERE NOI SIAMO STATI - WE WERE Plural, feminine: NOI SIAMO ANDATE - WE SENT VENE NOII - WE CAME NOI SIAMO STATE - WE WERE Example: IO NON SON O STATA IN ITALIA - I HAVE NOT BEEN IN ITALY NOI SIAMO STATI - WE HAVE NOT BEEN By the way, from the verb VENUTO the word BENVENUTO was formed, which in Russian sounds like WELCOME, if you translate word for word - GOOD THAT YOU COME.

This lesson is about language etiquette. Consider the minimum set of rules of the Italian language, thanks to which the traveler will be able to politely ask for directions, inquire about the cost of tickets and time, or make a pleasant acquaintance in Italy. Greetings and farewells The main word of Italian language etiquette is the greeting of CIAO!